Infants are particularly vulnerable to which of the following diseases caused by Hib?

Infants are particularly vulnerable to meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) because their immune systems are still developing, making it more challenging for them to fight off infections. Meningitis is a serious condition that can lead to inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, which can result in severe complications or even death if not treated promptly. The Hib vaccine is important in preventing this type of meningitis, as it significantly reduces the incidence of the disease in young children.

The other diseases listed do not have the same association with Hib. Tuberculosis is caused by a different bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), and while it can impact infants, it is not related to Hib. Scarlet fever is caused by streptococcal bacteria and pertains to a different infection, while pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is caused by Bordetella pertussis. Thus, the relationship between Hib and meningitis highlights the specific risks faced by infants, underscoring the importance of vaccination against Hib to protect this vulnerable population.